Zvinhu zvakacherwa nemuchina wekuchera matombo zvinonyanya kuva ivhu, marasha, ivhu, ivhu nematombo mushure mekusunungura. Tichifunga nezvekuvandudzwa kwemichina yekuvaka mumakore achangopfuura, kugadzirwa kwemichina yekuchera matombo kuri kukurumidza, uye michina yekuchera matombo yave imwe yemichina yekuvaka inonyanya kukosha mukuvaka kwemainjiniya.
Chizvarwa chekutanga chevacheri: kubuda kwemamota emagetsi uye mainjini ekupisa mukati kwakaita kuti vacheri vave nemidziyo yemagetsi yepamusoro uye yakakodzera, saka zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvevacheri zvakazvarwa chimwe mushure mechimwe. Muna 1899, mucheri wekutanga wemagetsi wakaonekwa. Mushure meHondo Yenyika Yekutanga, mainjini edhiziri akashandiswawo muvacheri. Iyi mucheri wedhiziri (kana mota yemagetsi) unofambiswa nemagetsi ndiyo yaive chizvarwa chekutanga chevacheri.
Chizvarwa chechipiri chevacheri: Nekushandiswa kwakawanda kwetekinoroji ye hydraulic, chicheri chine mudziyo wekutumira wesainzi uye unoshanda. Kutumirwa kwe hydraulic pachinzvimbo chekutumira kwemuchina inhanho huru mutekinoroji yekuchera. Chicheri chekutanga che hydraulic muGermany chakazvarwa muna 1950. Chicheri che hydraulic chemuchina ndicho chizvarwa chechipiri chevacheri.
Chizvarwa chechitatu chevacheri: Kushandiswa kwakakura kwetekinoroji yemagetsi, kunyanya tekinoroji yemakombiyuta, kunoita kuti mucheri ave nehurongwa hwekudzora otomatiki, uye kunoitawo kuti mucheri abudirire nenzira yekushanda kwepamusoro, otomatiki uye njere. Kumera kwemechatronics kwakaitika munenge muna 1965, uye kushandiswa kwetekinoroji yemechatronics pavacheri vehydraulic vanogadzirwa vakawanda kwaive munenge muna 1985, apo chinangwa chikuru chaive chekuchengetedza simba. Magetsi emagetsi emucheri ndiwo chiratidzo chechizvarwa chechitatu chevacheri.
Zvikamu zvemucheri zvinonyanya kuumbwa nezvikamu zviviri: zvikamu zvemakanika uye zvikamu zvemagetsi.
1. Zvikamu zvemakanika zvikamu zvemakanika zvinotsigira simba, zvinosanganisira mapombi ehydraulic, mabhaketi ekugadzika, mabhoomu, matraki, mainjini, nezvimwewo.
2. Zvishongedzo zvemagetsi ndizvo zvinodzora kutyaira zvemuchichera, izvo zvinoshandiswa kufambisa zvikamu zvemakanika kuti zviite basa rakanaka, kunyanya zvinosanganisira kombiyuta, hydraulic flow controller, angle sensor, diesel meter, fuse, ignition switch, oil suction pump, nezvimwewo.
Zvikamu zvemakanika nechikamu chekudzora dhiraivha zvinoenderana. Chikamu chekudzora dhiraivha chinoshandiswa kufambisa nekuronga mashandiro anoshanda echikamu chimwe nechimwe chemakanika. Mamiriro echikamu chemakanika anodzoserwa kuchikamu chekudzora dhiraivha kuburikidza nezvikamu zvemagetsi, kuitira kuti basa remuchini wekuchera rienderane zvinobudirira kuti risvike pakushanda kwaro kwepamusoro.
Mudziyo unoshanda ndiwo chikamu chikuru chemuchina wekuchera hydraulic. Unonyanya kushandiswa kuchera ivhu riri pasi penzvimbo yekumira, asi unogona zvakare kuchera ivhu riri pasi pehurefu hwakanyanya hwekucheka. Pamusoro pekuchera, kukanda migero uye kurodha, unogona zvakare kuita basa riri nyore rekuyera nzvimbo. Kuchera kwakakodzera kuchera ivhu regiredhi Ⅰ~Ⅳ, uye nzira ye hydraulic hammer kana blasting inodiwa kune giredhi Ⅴ riri pamusoro.
Mudziyo wekushanda we backhoe unoumbwa ne boom, stick, bucket, rocker, connecting rod, uye hydraulic pipes zvemuchina wekushanda zvinosanganisira boom cylinder, stick cylinder uye bucket cylinder.
Nguva yekutumira: Ndira-11-2022